Benjamin Bloom once said: “Education must be increasingly concerned about the fullest development of all children and youth, and it will be the responsibility of the schools to seek learning conditions which will enable each individual to reach the highest level of learning possible.” For almost forty years, the “2 Sigma Problem” presented by Benjamin Bloom has presented an opportunity for Generative AI to revolutionize education. Bloom’s research demonstrated that the aver

An individual self-proclaimed biohacker, without professional training or formal education in biological modification, installs an implant in his hand inside a makeshift garage laboratory. Inspired by another biohacker, Lepht Anonym, he attempts to gain the ability to sense electromagnetic radiation (Wakefield). Who is responsible? Biohacking refers to a collection of practices aimed at enhancing human physical and mental capabilities (Cortés López). These practices are comm

Neil Lawrence once said: “We have built computers that make errors, but we have not built machines that understand or suffer the consequences of those errors” (Lawrence). This insight captures a central dilemma of artificial intelligence: while AI systems increasingly shape human lives, they remain incapable of bearing moral responsibility for the harms they may cause. A world-changing revolution is happening as a result of Artificial Intelligence (AI) diversification. Nowad

Often, yes, at least when the task is communicative: when we ask ChatGPT to explain, write, advise, or persuade. The "should" is instrumental-epistemic: if your aim is better inquiry, cooperative register often helps. This is not a moral claim about owing the machine anything, and the recommendation is conditional, not universal. "Polite" needs disambiguating. Moral courtesy extended to a being with welfare does not apply here; ChatGPT very likely lacks it. Surface markers, "

Fake news is defined as fabricated information made public with the intention to deceive. As of 2025, the majority of individuals utilise social media, with the most popular social media platforms, Facebook and Youtube, collectively serving 5.6 billion users across a diverse range of demographics, making regulating a pressing concern. Authoritarian regimes – like China’s Great Firewall demonstrate a tightly controlled domestic internet. China utilises AI and a two-million-st

In 2011, the trial of R v Knox and Ors. in the United Kingdom was halted, and later dismissed, after it was discovered that Joanne Fraill, a juror, had contacted acquitted defendant Jamie Sewart after jury deliberations, via Facebook. Fraill also admitted to the conduct of independent research on Sewart. When asked for her reasoning, Fraill stated that she had done so because she empathised with Sewart. Lord Chief Justice Igor Judge posited that Fraill was ‘a woman of good ch

Imagine these scenarios: A child falls into a pond and is unable to swim. In one case, a bystander notices cameras recording the scene and, motivated to preserve their good reputation, jumps in and successfully saves the child. In a second case, a bystander sees the child slip, and with the intention of saving them, jumps in; however, a crocodile reaches the child first, and they fail to save them. Although the first bystander acts from a selfish motive, they succeed in savi

Every marriage has an origin story that its constituents enjoy telling at dinner parties. Liberalism and nationalism, for example, have been married for over two centuries. If you ask either one how they met, they’ll tell you it was the French Revolution. But these two ideas should have never worked. “The Universal, Democratic, and Social Republic: The Pact Between Nations” by Frederic Sorrieu Liberalism claims each person has rights simply by virtue of being a person. These

There is a universal human aversion to incest. This is often described by psychologists as ‘moral dumbfounding’, because it is so visceral and has managed to persist despite common individuals being unable to provide rational justifications for it. Family members tend to feel responsible for one another, so incest, even consensual, could be a form of exploitation. It is not considered ethically permissible to have intercourse in fiduciary relationships, like teachers are to s

Introduction On May 30, 1431, Jeanne d’Arc was executed as a relapsed heretic and burned at the stake before an estimated crowd of about 10,000 people. Condemned by an English ecclesiastical court, her descriptions of divine voices and luminous visions were dismissed by the Inquisition as demonic heresies. Yet her visions altered the course of the Hundred Years’ War. Her actions prompted the lifting of the Siege of Orléans and secured the coronation of Charles VII. So, were t

If asked to identify the most significant factors that result in a divided society, many would picture race, wealth, or culture: considering the widening gender gaps would not even make it to the list. Demographics can develop gaps in ideology within one society as a result of differing experiences, one of the major contributors to the recent widening gap between men and women being social media and its intentional push of divisive content to young users. Through the continuo

In 2012, six Swedish banking institutions developed the mobile payment application “Swish”, which catalysed one of the most rapid monetary transformations in modern economic history: Sweden’s near-cashless revolution. The term “cashless society” denotes an economic system where transactions are conducted entirely through digital means rather than with physical money (Duignan). Whether such a transition warrants fear has become a highly contested debate. Fear refers to a ratio

In 1916, John D. Rockefeller made his presence known in the annals of global finance, leaving a significant mark on the modern quantification of wealth. The Standard Oil Company’s monopolization of the American oil industry allowed him to attain an unprecedented wealth of 1 billion USD, subsequently making him the first official billionaire in human history (Beattie). The term “billionaire” refers to individuals with a net worth that is worth greater than or equal to 1 billio

In a period defined by stagnant productivity across the United Kingdom — labour productivity growth slowed from an annual average of 1.9–2.1% in the decade before the 2008 financial crisis to roughly 0.4–0.6% thereafter (Martin et al., 2025) — and by the long-term decline of deregulated of local bus networks, which saw journeys outside London fall by 35-50% since 1986 (Alan Howes Associates, 2011), Andy Burnham’s “Manchester Model” has emerged as an alternative to centralized

Introduction Humanity has never been promised an uninterrupted road to progression: it is purely the people who persevere with a starved desire for moral justice, even in the evil glare of injustice, who triumph over the oppressor and pave the way for future generations to thrive. Of course, this metaphor should be taken with a grain of salt, as there are such periods of time when the powerless remained powerless long enough never to see their oppressors toppled by the great

We look to our journalists for the truth, which only they can provide through reliable reporting. So, as the year comes to a close, we cannot help but look at the world around us and question: if we rely on journalists to provide us with the truth, what happens when those truth-tellers are systematically targeted and silenced? Since the creation of the printing press in the 15th century, journalism has played a crucial role in democracy. Yet, the Committee to Protect Journali

The contemporary metropolis stands not as a static monolith, but as a fluid, sentient tapestry. For decades, architecture was governed by an obstinate desire for permanence. Towering obelisks of steel and glass were erected, desperate to outlast the inexorable march of time. Yet, this stubborn pursuit of the immutable has bred a state of urban stagnation. Modern visionaries are shifting their gaze toward ephemeral urbanism—a philosophy that embraces the beauty of transience.

This article will look at how things like discounts, advertisements, social media, trends, and our emotions can influence what we buy. It will also explain some simple ideas from psychology and economics behind our spending habits.

The AI Boom has reshaped the global economy, bringing with it a wide range of consequences. While companies like Anthropic and OpenAI boast record growth, raising $30 billion and $122 billion in their latest funding rounds respectively, workers seeking entry-level positions are forced to adapt to an increasingly uncertain job market. Yet there is one place that has benefited enormously from the AI Boom: Taiwan. The AI Boom has done wonders for the island’s economy, which is h

In Nepal, nearly eight hundred are dead, thirty-thousand still unaccounted for, because the Bagmati River rose past every danger mark the state painted on its banks. The roads into Kathmandu were erased so thoroughly that the capital was, for a few days, an island reachable only by helicopter. Assam drowned as it has for sixty years, until one July night a hundred died in the Sivasagar district. A ninety-seven-year-old woman was carried out of her home on a raft made of banan